(a) X was running a business of Car on lease. One fine day, Y came to hire a car for 10 days for his business tour from Delhi to Amritsar. X offered him a Honda city for ₹ 50,000/- for 10 days on a condition that petrol and toll expenses will be borne by him. During the journey, engine of car was choked. Y has to spend ₹ 10,000/- for repair of engine. When he was coming back from Amritsar, brakes of car were not working and a major accident of Y happened due to this. Y was admitted to hospital and paid a bill of ₹ 50,000 on recovery. Y asked X to compensate him charges for car repair and hospital expenses amounting ₹ 60,000/-. X denied for compensation by saying that he was not aware about the engine and brakes fault. Y filed a suit against X for recovery of damages. Give your opinion with reference to provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872: (i) Whether Y can withheld the amount of hire charges ₹ 50,000/- on account of non-payment of damages? (ii) Whether Mr. X was liable to pay Damage as he was not aware of the fact of faults in car?

(b) (i) "Delivery of an instrument is essential whether instrument is payable to bearer or order for effecting the negotiation." Discuss this statement with reference to provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.

(ii) Differentiate between a promissory note and bill of exchange.

(c) Explain in brief the important functions played by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the Ministry of Law and Justice in enforcing the law in India.